Raporo ya Loni Yerekana Imibanire Ikomeye mu Ntambara yo mu Burasirazuba bwa RDC: Uko u Rwanda, M23 na FDLR Bavugwamo

Raporo nshya y’impuguke z’Umuryango w’Abibumbye yongeye gushyira mu majwi uruhare ruvugwa rw’Ingabo z’u Rwanda mu bikorwa bya M23 mu burasirazuba bwa Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo, mu gihe u Rwanda na M23 bakomeje guhakana iby’ibi birego. Iyo raporo ivuga kandi ku burenganzira bwa muntu bwakomeje guhungabanywa, ibikorwa bya gisirikare byeruye n’imikoranire ya leta ya Congo n’abarwanyi ba FDLR.

Uburasirazuba bwa Congo ni rumwe mu duce tumaze imyaka irenga 20 duhindagurwamo n’amakimbirane atarigeze abona umuti. Uko imyaka ishira indi igataha, imitwe yitwaje intwaro, ubushotoranyi bw’ibihugu bihana imbibi, politiki idahwitse muri Kinshasa n’imitwe y’inyeshyamba byahinduye Kivu isibaniro ritavogerwa.

Mu rwego rwo kureba uko ibintu byifashe muri iki gihe, itsinda ry’abahanga ba Loni ryashyize ahagaragara raporo ndende igaruka ku bikorwa bya gisirikare, ihonyora ry’uburenganzira bwa muntu, imyitwarire y’impande zose n’impamvu zishobora gutuma intambara ikomeza gufata indi ntera.

Iyo raporo yibanze cyane ku ruhare rwa M23, uko uwo mutwe ufitanye isano n’u Rwanda, n’uko Leta ya Congo ikomeje kuvugwaho gukorana n’abarwanyi ba FDLR—ryari isoko y’ubwumvikane buke mu karere kuva mu myaka ya za 2000.

Raporo irerekana ko mu bikorwa bya M23 byo kurwanya imitwe irimo FDLR, Ingabo z’u Rwanda (RDF) zagaragaje uruhare rutaziguye. Impuguke za Loni zemeza ko hari ibikorwa bya gisirikare byakorewe ku butaka bwa Congo bigizwemo uruhare n’izo ngabo, mu gihe Kigali yahakanye ibi birego inshuro nyinshi.

Raporo ivuga ko hagati ya 6000 na 7000 b’ingabo za RDF—barimo na za brigade ebyiri n’ama-bataillon y’ingabo zidasanzwe—bashobora kuba barinjiriye mu burasirazuba bwa Congo mu bihe bitandukanye by’intambara.

Gusa, nta yindi mpande yigenga irigize yemeza cyangwa ngo ipimishe neza ayo mubare. U Rwanda rwo rusubiza ko ibi birego bikomeje kuba politiki yo guhindura ikibatsi cy’uko ikibazo nyacyo ari FDLR n’ukutabasha kwa Congo kuyica burundu.

Raporo ishimangira ko M23, hamwe n’ingabo z’u Rwanda zishyirwa mu majwi, bakoze ibikorwa bitubahirije amategeko mpuzamahanga. Muri byo harimo:

• Ubwicanyi butemewe n’amategeko
• Gufata no gufunga abantu mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko
• Gutwika no gusenya amazu y’abaturage
• Guhiga abantu bashyirwa mu majwi ko bafitanye isano na FDLR

Iyi myitwarire yatumye abaturage ibihumbi bahunga ingo zabo, bamwe bajya mu nkambi z’igihe gito, abandi barambuka imipaka berekeza mu Rwanda no muri Uganda.

Abagiraneza bavuga ko iki gice gishobora kugera ku rwego rwo hejuru mu mubare w’abavuye mu byabo ugereranyije n’indi myaka, mu gihe nta mahoro arambye aboneka.

 

 

U Rwanda ruvuga ko nta ngabo zarwo na rumwe iri ku butaka bwa Congo ndetse ko ibivugwa byose ari umwiryane wa politiki n’ukwitagirizwa nabi. Kigali ihamya ko ikibazo cya Congo kidakwiye guhora gihishwa inyuma y’amagambo y’uko u Rwanda ruri inyuma ya M23, ahubwo ko ari ikibazo cy’imbere muri Congo gikomoka ku mitwe myinshi yitwaje intwaro yarigize mu myaka irenga 20.

Na M23 ivuga ko idakorana n’u Rwanda mu buryo na bumwe. Uwo mutwe uvuga ko urwana n’akarengane, ubusumbane, n’imitwe ya leta ya Congo ivangura amoko amwe, bigatuma abaturage bayo batabona umutekano.

N’ubwo impuguke za Loni zagarutse cyane ku Rwanda na M23, ntizirengagije uruhare rwa leta ya Congo mu gukomeza ikibazo.

Raporo ivuga ko Guverinoma ya RDC ikomeje gukorana bya hafi na FDLR, umutwe w’abo muhuje ubumwe washimangiwe inshuro nyinshi ko ufite imizi muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994.

Ibi biranyuranye n’amasezerano ya Washington, aho Congo yari yiyemeje gusenya uwo mutwe. Gukomeza kuwukoresha mu ntambara yo kurwanya M23 bigaragazwa nk’ikwica umutekano w’akarere.

Raporo igaragaza ko M23 ivuga ko impamvu nyamukuru irwana ari uguhindura imiyoborere ya Perezida Félix Tshisekedi.

Uwo mutwe ushinja Kinshasa kutubahiriza amasezerano yo mu bihe byashize, kudaha ijambo amoko amwe, kutubahiriza imikorere ihuriweho na bose, no kudashaka ibiganiro.

Ariko, impuguke za Loni zerekana ko hagati ya Mata na Ukwakira, M23 yakoze ibikorwa binyuranyije n’amategeko mpuzamahanga byibasira abaturage batari mu ntambara.

Mu ntangiriro z’umwaka, M23 yegereye cyane umujyi wa Goma, byongera ubwoba ko ushobora gufatwa nk’uko byigeze kuba mu 2012.

Nubwo umujyi wose utagushijwe mu maboko y’inyeshyamba, uturere twa Goma twasenyutse, ibikorwa remezo birangirika, n’icuraburindi cy’ubwoba gica ibintu.

Loni ivuga ko uburyo M23 yateye ari bwo bugaragara nk’ubwavugwaga mu gihe cyashize ngo butuma hari amakenga ko yaba ifite inkunga yo hanze. U Rwanda narwo rwabihakanye rukivugira ko ibibazo bya Congo byose bihera ku FDLR no ku mikorere mibi y’ingabo za FARDC.

Raporo ituma imiryango mpuzamahanga na za guverinoma zishaka kongera ibiganiro hagati ya Kigali na Kinshasa. Ibibazo bikomeye bigomba kwitabwaho harimo:

• Uburenganzira bwa muntu bwakomeje guhungabana
• Ubwiyongere bw’impunzi
• Intambara zishobora guhuza ibihugu byombi
• Uko imitwe yitwaje intwaro yinjira mu bikorwa byo gucukura no gucuruza umutungo kamere

Amasezerano ya Nairobi n’aya Luanda—yagombye kuba icyemezo—ntaho yageze kuko amasasu akomeza kwirangirira ku isonga ry’imisozi.

Nyuma y’iyo raporo, ibihugu byinshi byasabye ko habaho kwitonda, ko impande zose zigabanya imvugo zishyamiranya abantu, ndetse ko ibiganiro byakomeza.

Abasesenguzi bavuga ko umuti urambye udashobora kuboneka hatabayeho ibiganiro bya nyabyo hagati ya Congo n’u Rwanda, hakiyongeraho gahunda ihamye yo kugura no kugenzura imitwe iri mu mashyamba ya Kivu.

Raporo y’impuguke za Loni yongeye kugaragaza ko ikibazo cy’uburasirazuba bwa Congo ari kinini kurusha uko gikunze kwerekanwa mu magambo make. Kigizwe n’amateka maremare, imitwe yitwaje intwaro, ibihugu bihanganye, n’imiyoborere ikomeje gushyira abaturage mu kaga.

Nubwo u Rwanda na M23 bihakana uruhare iri raporo rishyira mu majwi, impuguke zerekana ibimenyetso n’ubuhamya bivuga ko hari imikoranire. Na leta ya Congo na yo ishinjwa gukorana na FDLR, ibyo bikaba bituma ikibazo kidashobora gukemuka mu gihe kitari gito.

Icyakora ibintu bishobora guhinduka niba hakomeye ibiganiro hagati y’impande zose, hakubahirizwa uburenganzira bw’abaturage, kandi hakarebwaho imizi y’ibibazo by’ubusumbane n’ivangura ryavuzwe na M23, kimwe no kwicecekera ku kibazo cya FDLR

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